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Risk free rate
http://www.thaibma.or.th/yield-curve/YieldTTM.aspx
Risk premium
http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/Ne ... yprem.html
http://www.thaibma.or.th/yield-curve/YieldTTM.aspx
Risk premium
http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/Ne ... yprem.html
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Country Default Spreads and Risk Premiums
Last updated: January 2010
This table summarizes the latest bond ratings and appropriate default spreads for different countries. While you can use these numbers as rough estimates of country risk premiums, you may want to modify the premia to reflect the additonal risk of equity markets. To estimate the long term country risk premium, I start with the country rating (from Moody's: www.moodys.com) and estimate the default spread for that rating (based upon traded country bonds) over a default free government bond rate. This becomes a measure of the added country risk premium for that country. I add this default spread to the historical risk premium for a mature equity market (estimated from US historical data) to estimate the total risk premium. In the short term especially, the equity country risk premium is likely to be greater than the country's default spread. You can estimate an adjusted country risk premium by multiplying the default spread by the relative equity market volatility for that market (Std dev in country equity market/Std dev in country bond). I have used the emerging market average of 1.5 (equity markets are about 1.5 times more volatile than bond markets) to estimate country risk premium. I have added this to the historical premium for mature markets of about 4.5% to get the total risk premium.
Country Region Long-Term Rating Adj. Default Spread Total Risk Premium Country Risk Premium
Albania Eastern Europe & Russia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Argentina Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Armenia Eastern Europe & Russia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Australia Australia & New Zealand Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Austria [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Azerbaijan Eastern Europe & Russia Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Bahamas Caribbean A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Bahrain Middle East A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Barbados Caribbean Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Belarus Eastern Europe & Russia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Belgium [1] Western Europe Aa1 30 4.95% 0.45%
Belize Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Bermuda Caribbean Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Bolivia Central and South America B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Botswana Africa A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Brazil Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Bulgaria Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Cambodia Asia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Canada North America Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Cayman Islands Caribbean Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Chile Central and South America A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
China Asia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Colombia Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Costa Rica Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Croatia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Cuba Caribbean Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Cyprus [1] Western Europe Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Czech Republic Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Denmark Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Dominican Republic Caribbean B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Ecuador Central and South America Caa3 1000 19.50% 15.00%
Egypt Africa Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
El Salvador Central and South America WR 1000 19.50% 15.00%
Estonia Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Fiji Islands Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Finland [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
France [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Germany [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Greece [1] Western Europe A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Guatemala Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Honduras Central and South America B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Hong Kong Asia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Hungary Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Iceland Western Europe Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
India Asia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Indonesia Asia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Ireland [1] Western Europe Aa1 30 4.95% 0.45%
Isle of Man Financial Center Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Israel Middle East A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Italy [1] Western Europe Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Jamaica Caribbean Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Japan Asia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Jordan Middle East Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Kazakhstan Eastern Europe & Russia Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Korea Asia A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Kuwait Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Latvia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Lebanon Middle East B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Lithuania Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Luxembourg [1] Financial Center Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Macao Asia Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Malaysia Asia A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Malta [1] Western Europe A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Mauritius Africa Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Mexico Central and South America Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Moldova Eastern Europe & Russia Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Mongolia Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Montenegro Eastern Europe & Russia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Morocco Africa Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Netherlands [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
New Zealand Australia & New Zealand Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Nicaragua Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Norway Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Oman Middle East A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Pakistan Asia B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Panama Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Papua New Guinea Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Paraguay Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Peru Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Philippines Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Poland Eastern Europe & Russia A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Portugal [1] Western Europe Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Qatar Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Romania Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Russia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Saudi Arabia Middle East A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Singapore Asia Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Slovakia Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Slovenia [1] Eastern Europe & Russia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
South Africa Africa A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Spain [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines Caribbean B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Suriname Caribbean Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Sweden Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Switzerland Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Taiwan Asia Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Thailand Asia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Tunisia Africa Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Turkey Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Turkmenistan Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Ukraine Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
United Arab Emirates Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
United Kingdom Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
United States of America North America Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Uruguay Central and South America Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Venezuela Central and South America B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Vietnam Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Last updated: January 2010
Aswath Damodaran
Country Default Spreads and Risk Premiums
Last updated: January 2010
This table summarizes the latest bond ratings and appropriate default spreads for different countries. While you can use these numbers as rough estimates of country risk premiums, you may want to modify the premia to reflect the additonal risk of equity markets. To estimate the long term country risk premium, I start with the country rating (from Moody's: www.moodys.com) and estimate the default spread for that rating (based upon traded country bonds) over a default free government bond rate. This becomes a measure of the added country risk premium for that country. I add this default spread to the historical risk premium for a mature equity market (estimated from US historical data) to estimate the total risk premium. In the short term especially, the equity country risk premium is likely to be greater than the country's default spread. You can estimate an adjusted country risk premium by multiplying the default spread by the relative equity market volatility for that market (Std dev in country equity market/Std dev in country bond). I have used the emerging market average of 1.5 (equity markets are about 1.5 times more volatile than bond markets) to estimate country risk premium. I have added this to the historical premium for mature markets of about 4.5% to get the total risk premium.
Country Region Long-Term Rating Adj. Default Spread Total Risk Premium Country Risk Premium
Albania Eastern Europe & Russia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Argentina Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Armenia Eastern Europe & Russia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Australia Australia & New Zealand Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Austria [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Azerbaijan Eastern Europe & Russia Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Bahamas Caribbean A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Bahrain Middle East A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Barbados Caribbean Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Belarus Eastern Europe & Russia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Belgium [1] Western Europe Aa1 30 4.95% 0.45%
Belize Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Bermuda Caribbean Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Bolivia Central and South America B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Botswana Africa A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Brazil Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Bulgaria Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Cambodia Asia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Canada North America Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Cayman Islands Caribbean Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Chile Central and South America A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
China Asia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Colombia Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Costa Rica Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Croatia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Cuba Caribbean Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Cyprus [1] Western Europe Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Czech Republic Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Denmark Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Dominican Republic Caribbean B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Ecuador Central and South America Caa3 1000 19.50% 15.00%
Egypt Africa Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
El Salvador Central and South America WR 1000 19.50% 15.00%
Estonia Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Fiji Islands Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Finland [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
France [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Germany [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Greece [1] Western Europe A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Guatemala Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Honduras Central and South America B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Hong Kong Asia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Hungary Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Iceland Western Europe Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
India Asia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Indonesia Asia Ba2 300 9.00% 4.50%
Ireland [1] Western Europe Aa1 30 4.95% 0.45%
Isle of Man Financial Center Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Israel Middle East A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Italy [1] Western Europe Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Jamaica Caribbean Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Japan Asia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Jordan Middle East Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Kazakhstan Eastern Europe & Russia Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Korea Asia A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Kuwait Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Latvia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Lebanon Middle East B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Lithuania Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Luxembourg [1] Financial Center Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Macao Asia Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Malaysia Asia A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Malta [1] Western Europe A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Mauritius Africa Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Mexico Central and South America Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Moldova Eastern Europe & Russia Caa1 750 15.75% 11.25%
Mongolia Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Montenegro Eastern Europe & Russia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Morocco Africa Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Netherlands [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
New Zealand Australia & New Zealand Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Nicaragua Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Norway Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Oman Middle East A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Pakistan Asia B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Panama Central and South America Ba1 250 8.25% 3.75%
Papua New Guinea Asia B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Paraguay Central and South America B3 650 14.25% 9.75%
Peru Central and South America Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Philippines Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Poland Eastern Europe & Russia A2 105 6.08% 1.58%
Portugal [1] Western Europe Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Qatar Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
Romania Eastern Europe & Russia Baa3 200 7.50% 3.00%
Russia Eastern Europe & Russia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Saudi Arabia Middle East A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Singapore Asia Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Slovakia Eastern Europe & Russia A1 90 5.85% 1.35%
Slovenia [1] Eastern Europe & Russia Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
South Africa Africa A3 120 6.30% 1.80%
Spain [1] Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines Caribbean B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Suriname Caribbean Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Sweden Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Switzerland Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Taiwan Asia Aa3 75 5.63% 1.13%
Thailand Asia Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Baa1 160 6.90% 2.40%
Tunisia Africa Baa2 180 7.20% 2.70%
Turkey Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Turkmenistan Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
Ukraine Eastern Europe & Russia B2 550 12.75% 8.25%
United Arab Emirates Middle East Aa2 60 5.40% 0.90%
United Kingdom Western Europe Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
United States of America North America Aaa 0 4.50% 0.00%
Uruguay Central and South America Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Venezuela Central and South America B1 450 11.25% 6.75%
Vietnam Asia Ba3 350 9.75% 5.25%
Last updated: January 2010
Aswath Damodaran
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